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paper currency

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paper currency 紙幣。

紙幣。 “paper“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.紙；裱墻紙。 2.報紙，報。 3.收據；債券； ...“currency“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.通貨。 2.通用，流通，流傳，傳播。 3.市價 ...“currency paper“ 中文翻譯：   鈔票紙; 紙幣用紙“convertible paper currency“ 中文翻譯：   可兌換紙幣“dead presidents (paper currency)“ 中文翻譯：   紙幣“forged paper currency“ 中文翻譯：   偽造紙幣“inconvertibility of paper currency“ 中文翻譯：   紙幣的不可兌換性“inconvertible paper currency“ 中文翻譯：   不兌現紙幣; 不可兌換紙幣“inflate the paper currency“ 中文翻譯：   濫發紙幣造成通貨膨脹“issue paper currency“ 中文翻譯：   發行紙幣“managed paper currency“ 中文翻譯：   管理紙幣“currency“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.通貨。 2.通用，流通，流傳，傳播。 3.市價，行情。 4.流通時間。 fractional currency 輔幣。 paper currency 紙幣。 metallic currency 硬幣。 gain currency with 流行開，流通開，得到…信任。 give currency to 散播(謠言等)。 in common currency 一般通用。 lose currency with 停止流通[使用]；失卻…的信任。 “currency chinese currency british“ 中文翻譯：   currency中國貨幣“a paper“ 中文翻譯：   一份報紙“for paper“ 中文翻譯：   文獻檢索與代理“no paper“ 中文翻譯：   無紙，缺紙“on paper“ 中文翻譯：   以書面形式, 在名義上; 在名義上，只在理論上“paper“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.紙；裱墻紙。 2.報紙，報。 3.收據；債券；證券；票據；匯票；鈔票(＝paper money)。 4.〔pl.〕身份證。 5.〔pl.〕文件，記錄；辭呈。 6.論文，論說；考題；答案。 7.〔俚語〕招待券，免費入場券；〔集合詞〕免費入場者。 8.〔美俚〕火車票；紙牌。 9.(裝有東西的)一紙包，一紙袋，一盒。 10.涂有藥的紙。 11.〔俚語〕一小包毒品〔尤指一小包冰毒〕。 a sheet of paper 一張紙。 art paper 銅版紙。 blotting paper 吸墨紙。 brown paper 牛皮紙。 carbon paper 復寫紙。 craft paper 牛皮紙。 crape paper 皺紙。 glass paper 砂紙。 manifold paper (打字、復寫用)薄紙。 plotting paper 方格紙。 sensitive paper 感光紙。 tracing paper (半透明)描圖紙。 a daily paper 日報。 a morning [evening] paper 早[晚]報。 What do the papers say 報紙怎么說？ good paper 可靠的支票。 state papers 公文。 value paper 有價證券。 a negotiable paper 流通票據。 collected papers 論文集；舊信文件集。 The house was largely filled with paper. 場內免費來賓擁擠不堪。 a paper of pins 一包針。 commit sth. to paper 把某事記錄下來，寫下來。 lay paper 使用空頭支票[假鈔票]。 on paper 紙上；統計上；理論上，名義上。 put pen to paper 開始寫，下筆。 send in one's papers (特指陸海軍軍官)提出辭呈。 set a paper 出考試題目。 walking papers 〔美俚〕解雇通知；(朋友等的)拒絕；要人走開。 adj. -less (信息傳播、設計、辦公等)不用紙的，無紙的。 adj. 1.紙(做)的。 2.紙上的，假定的。 a paper lantern 燈籠。 a paper war (＝paper warfare)筆戰，紙上論戰。 a paper blockade (只有宣言而無實力的)紙上封鎖。 a paper farmer (不懂實際操作的)理論農業家。 a paper army 有名無實的軍隊。 vt. 1.用紙裱(貼)，用紙覆蓋，用紙包；(裝釘)用紙襯里。 2.為…供給紙張。 3.用砂紙擦。 4.〔俚語〕免費觀眾充塞〔劇場〕。 5.把…作為平裝書出版。 paper a room 用紙裱糊房間。 paper a butterfly 把蝴蝶標本貼到紙上。 vi. 貼糊墻紙。 “paper the“ 中文翻譯：   媒體先鋒“the paper“ 中文翻譯：   媒體先鋒; 搶閘報社; 搶閘新聞眼“a roved currency“ 中文翻譯：   核準貨幣；認可貨幣“a strong currency“ 中文翻譯：   強通貨“absorb currency“ 中文翻譯：   吸收貨幣“acceptable currency“ 中文翻譯：   可接受的貨幣“accepted currency“ 中文翻譯：   認可的貨幣

Debt money is the system of paper currency issued by the reactionary kmt government from 1935 onwards with current place of current and main developed country , its body is by government , company and private “ the money is changed “ debt place is formed 債務貨幣就是當今主要發達國家所通行的法幣系統，它的主要部分是由政府、公司以及私人的“貨幣化”的債務所構成。

Debt money is the system of paper currency issued by the reactionary kmt government from 1935 onwards with current place of current and main developed country , its body is by government , company and private “ the money is changed “ debt place is formed 債務貨幣就是當今主要發達國家所通行的法幣系統，它的主要部分是由政府、公司以及私人的“貨幣化”的債務所構成。

Debt money is the system of paper currency issued by the reactionary kmt government from 1935 onwards with current place of current and main developed country , its body is by government , company and private “ the money is changed “ debt place is formed 債務貨幣就是當今主要發達國家所通行的法幣系統，它的主要部分是由政府、公司以及私人的“貨幣化”的債務所構成。

paper cutter

In chapter three , the theory of negotiable instruments and the theory of counterplea , the author introduces the origin and development of the theory of the world negotiable instrument counterplea , which covers the developments of the solemn theory of negotiable instrument counterplea , from the theory of paper currency to the foundation of the non - causation principle of negotiable instruments , introduces the contrast to contractual theory , to the creative 第四,不同的票據理論,最終要解決的問題都是如何判斷某一抗辯的法律或理論構成,有時也會出現殊途同歸的效果,但必須注意理論的一貫性。第四章票據抗辯限制側重對票據抗辯作了制度上的分析,包括票據抗辯制度的特色,票據抗辯限制的立法例、理論根據、前提條件,例外規定等內容。該部分的研

Then in pre - processing stage , for the allowance of the real time demand , we dispose the method of hough transform and apply linear fitting to determine the border of paper currency to achieve localization and adjustment directly . by the analysis of based directional block feature extraction , we propose a new method of feature extraction based on geometry distance . in the design of classifier , we use the lvq network to classify the feature and introduce a classifier with two layers 在圖像的預處理中,由于系統對紙幣處理實時性的要求,該過程必須在很短時間內完成,因此我們對圖像的邊界檢測,撇棄了諸如圖像二值化, hough變換等處理手段,而是直接采用分段線性擬合的方法確定圖像中紙幣的四個邊界,以完成紙幣的定位和傾斜矯正。

We sample from parallel edges in equal distance , and we sample again from sample points set by slope and get fitting points set , then we use least square method to fit straight line with the fitting points set . the edges of paper currency image can be detected accurately and quickly by above method , and it is valid to some image with a certain defection 邊緣檢測采用了對平行邊緣整體等間隔抽樣,根據斜率對抽樣點集進行再次抽樣后得到擬和點集,用最小二乘法根據擬和點集擬和直線的方法,可以快速精確的檢測到紙幣邊緣,并且能夠處理邊緣有一定程度殘缺的紙幣圖像。

First classifier chooses two classes whose matching distance between it and paper currency is bigger than others from all class . then in the second stage , we extract some new feature and improve the classifier to generate the last result . in the stage of defect detection for paper currency , we advances a homogeneity based algorithm for the detection of scratch and cracks appearing on paper currency , in which the homogeneity feature of the sensed paper currency image is first constructed to locate the pixels that probably been polluted , the image registration algorithm is subsequently used to overlay the sensed and reference paper currency image 在特征提取中,我們對基于方向塊的特征提取方法進行了分析,在此基礎上針對美元特點,對圖像方向塊的劃分方式做了研究,并提出了基于幾何距離的特征提取方法;在分類器設計中,我們采用了lvq網絡對紙幣進行學習與分類,并提出了一種具有兩層結構的分類算法,第一層首先對輸入的特征向量進行粗分類,選定與特征向量匹配距離最大的兩類幣種,進入第二層分類器;在第二層分類器中,我們通過研究進入該模塊兩類幣種特征塊的相關性,重新設計了特征向量,同時對分類器進行改進,最終實現對紙幣的分類。

Finally the vectors optimized by ga are as the input vectors to nn , carrying out classifying recognition by three layer bp nn , paper currency is recognized . by experimental tests , recognition ratio to the new printing style of 100 rmb , the old printing style of 50 rmb , the new printing style of 50 rmb , 20 rmb , the new printing style of 10 rmb is 100 % , 100 % , 100 % , 100 % and 100 % respectively . and the results are satisfying 經過實驗測試，對100元新版人民幣樣本的識別率為100 、 50元新版人民幣樣本的識別率為100 、 50元舊版人民幣樣本的識別率為100 、 20元人西安理工大學碩士學位論文民幣樣本的識別率為100 % 、 10元新版人民幣樣本的識別率為1加% ，取得了較為滿意的結果。

Now the main methods for paper currency recognition have geometrical dimension measure , feature recognition of image texture and nn etc . nn which is nonlinear math mode is used widely in the application field of currency recognition incorporating with some optimizing arithmetic such as genetic algorithm and simulated anneal in order to optimize nn structure and improve nn recognition precision 主要研究內容包括人民幣圖像顯性特征的提取，人民幣圖像中噪聲信息的抑制和顯性特征的加強，識別系統中的數學模型的選取和建立以及優化既得的人民幣顯性特征等方面。

The original information has a loss because paper currency will get to be worn and blurry , even damaged by human being in circulation . furthermore the complexity of background designs of different kinds of rmb makes it difficult for pattern recognition to work well to the currency recognition 而在貨幣識別中如何提取高質量的貨幣特征向量是目前待解決的問題，特別是在具有噪聲及灰度不均勻的貨幣圖像中提取出原始的特征信息，是貨幣識別的關鍵性步驟。

The paper currency sorter developed by designer plays an important role in bank area . due to the reason of low resolution of paper currency image and high speed of paper currency sorter , so how to recognize paper currency under these conditions is a key problem 在進行紙幣圖像識別時,由于采集到的圖像是在低分辨率下掃描得到的,如何在這種低分辨率條件下實現對紙幣進行識別,并且識別速度要滿足清分機的要求,是紙幣識別的核心問題。

The support vector machine composed by least sequence and directed acyclic graph algorithm has been used in paper currency identification , shows the advantages of capability in dealing with scared samples , nonlinear and high dimensions 將次序最小優化改進算法和有向無環圖算法構建的支持向量機用于貨幣識別，充分發抨了支持向量機解決小樣本、非線性和高維模式識別問題的優點。

Debt money is the system of paper currency issued by the reactionary kmt government from 1935 onwards with current place of current and main developed country , its body is by government , company and private “ the money is changed “ debt place is formed 債務貨幣就是當今主要發達國家所通行的法幣系統，它的主要部分是由政府、公司以及私人的“貨幣化”的債務所構成。

The program of sorting use some concepts and techniques of image processing and pattern recognition to implement edge detection , geometrical adjusting , feature extraction and training , classify of paper currency ’ s image 清分程序采用了數字圖像處理與模式識別中一些概念與方法,實現對于紙幣圖像的邊緣檢測、幾何校正、特征提取與訓練、分類等工作。

Paper currency identification , a scared samples , nonlinear and high dimensions pattern recognition problem is one of the difficult problems of modern pattern recognition and of specific research significance and practical value 貨幣識別是一個小樣本、非線性利高維模式識別問題，是當前模式識別中的難題之一，只有重要研究意義和實用價值。

This thesis studies the support vector machine and multi - class classification in the statistical learning theory , and applies the support vector machine into the machine paper currency recognition 本文主要研究了統計學習理論中支持向量機的二次優化算法和多值分類，并將支持向量機應用于貨幣的機器識別中。

Over the years we ' ve been saying that when gold rises against all paper currencies , you ' ll know the bull market is real because it ' s not just a currency reaction 多年來我們的看法一直是，當黃金對所有貨幣的比價都在攀升的時候，那牛市才是真正的牛市，因為只有這時，黃金才不是僅僅作用于一種貨幣。

By using two time bases , it can manage events about the true time and synchronize the distance of paper currency ’ s movement , know and control the movement of paper currency accurately 同時應用雙時間基準,既可以處理關于真實時間的工作,也可以同步紙幣運行距離,精確了解和控制紙幣運行。

The main content of this paper is about the design and implementation of the software system of paper currency sorter , including the program of sorting and the program of control 本文的主要內容是紙幣清分機軟件系統的設計與實現,包括清分程序與控制程序兩個主要部分。